Greek Mythology Ancient Greeks - 1835 Words

Mcginn 1 Introduction: The Ancient Greeks believed in many gods and heroes during their time. Each one had a sole purpose in a mortal’s lifetime. Greek mythology had a huge impact on religion in Ancient Greece. The Greeks performed rituals in order to honor their gods. Mythology affected the Ancient Greeks in many ways. The origins of mythology, the influences of mythology through a human’s lifetime and lessons taught in the ancient myths will be examined. Why Greek mythology was created Greek mythology was created to explain the creation of the Earth and how life on Earth came to be, these could be called creation myths. Gaia the goddess of the Earth gave birth to Uranus, the sky. The both of them became husband and wife. Gaia gave†¦show more content†¦The war went on for years and all the men of the Golden Age were killed. Zeus saved all of his brothers and sisters from Kronos and he built Olympus, which was a palace of the gods. Zeus married Hera, his sister, and they had many children. Soon, the world was filled with many gods. Zeus decided that he wanted to have someone worship the gods on Olympus, so he created a race of silver men. Instead of worshiping the gods, these men were irrational and paid no respect to the gods. Zeus was annoyed by this and the Silver Age was quickly sent to the Underworld. Zeus wanted to try again so he created another race, but this time, they were made of bronze. The Bronze Stage of men were very aggressive and warlike. They kept destroying each other that Zeus also hid them away in the Underworld. Zeus, once again tried and made a race of heroes. Many great men and women were born from this stage. When the Heroic Age slowly died away, they formed what we are today. The race that lives today is called the Iron Age. The Iron Age was said to be the strongest of them all and would survive the Olympian gods. This was how the Earth was created and how life was brought to Earth. Why and how was mythology important to the Greek’s daily life? There are many events that happen in a mortal’s lifetime: Birth, Childhood, Education, Marriage, Harvest, and Death. Each of these events had a specific god to go with it. Eileithyia was the goddess ofShow MoreRelatedMythology : Ancient Greek Mythology1527 Words   |  7 PagesMythology is a vast collection of made up/fake stories told during the Ancient Greek era. That is what we are told at young age growing up learning about Greek Gods and Goddesses like Zeus and Hercules. But actually the mythology comes from the word myth which is a Greek word for speech or discourse, but later adapted the meaning of fable or legend (Doyle, 2015).The traditional stories, poems, literature, and art have been passed down for years. The stories about Gods and Goddesses, heroes, and monstersRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Mythology1630 Words   |  7 PagesGreek mythology denotes to the myths of the early Greeks, Greec e gods, and mythical creatures. While pertaining to these legends and myths includes; to their Gods, the nature and heroes, tales of clashes, and of their adventures. It is also a brief on the origin and connotation of their cult, and the innumerable practices that remained shadowed by them. Myth is defined as; a traditional, typically historic story pertaining to mystic beings, descendants, or heroes that serve an essential kind in theRead MoreThe Mythology Of The Ancient Greeks2119 Words   |  9 Pagesand idols to answer prayers or requests. The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods and goddesses, which they saw as ruling over many functions of their daily lives: such as love, crops, water, wisdom, and warfare. â€Å"The ancient Greeks lived by myths, fables, and teachings, which developed as oral stories during the Bronze Age. The most popular first known written poet is Homer who wrote ‘Iliad and the Odyssey’ in the 8th century.† There are so many Greek myths , gods, goddesses, and mythical creaturesRead MoreGreek Mythology Of Ancient Greece1551 Words   |  7 Pagesof the many wonders Ancient Greece had to offer. However, one of the most memorable creations of Ancient Greece would have to be Greek mythology. These myths included hundreds of stories and teachings that would have a lasting effect on Greek culture for centuries to come. When taking a deeper look into some of these myths, one may notice gender and sexual behavior to be themes that occur quite frequently. One also cannot help but notice that some social conditions in Ancient Greece, such as theRead MoreWomen Of Ancient Greek Mythology Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesregarded as the subservient gender, an idea that was no different in Ancient Greece. Throughout Greek mythology, women were considered inferior and troublesome symbols, while men were known for courage, leadership, and strength. While there is no argument of the flagrant sexism that is illustrated in Greek mytho logy, it can also be claimed that women were given a situated position of freedom, necessity, and power as well. Many popular Greek plays and myths contain several complexes and well described femaleRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Greece1322 Words   |  6 Pages Greek Mythology is a mystical and unique universe filled with divine beings, semi-gods, oracles, monsters, creatures, heroes, women and powerful gods with the ability to control nature, all intertwined in epic battles controlled by various times on a gigantic stage composed of temples, shines, prophecies, rituals and even a word for the dead which was called the underworld. Greek mythology itself is legend. In fact, it shows a window into the ancient past, a view of a world that existed not onlyRead MoreGreek Mythology : Ancient Greece963 Words   |  4 PagesWhen people wonder about Ancient Greece the first thing that comes to their minds is Greek mythology; gods and goddesses that have helped shape many historical events. â€Å"In ancient Greece, stories about gods and goddesses and heroes and monsters were an important part of everyday life.† (â€Å"Greek Mythology.†) The civilization showed that numerous characters and stories helped shape Greeks. The beliefs the Greeks had with mythologies was they understood the meaning behind all the characters that areRead MoreThe Mythology Of The Ancient Greeks2537 Words   |  11 PagesIn the Ancient Greeks, religion was based on the image of remarkable and memorable god and goddess which were powerful, wise, immortal and controlled different part of the universe. For many years humans had the opportunity to study these significant figures by reading their myths, stories where our minds are transported to the early time of civilization in which the god and goddess lived and became the important figures that we know nowadays. One of the god that make himself stand out using hisRead MoreAncient Stories Of Greek Mythology952 Words   |  4 PagesFor many years, as long as the ancient stories of greek mythology have been around, the sculpture of Minerva has been in debate. Many believe the correct name for this sculpture should stay the same, which is Minerva. Minerva is in reference to the goddess of war, Athena. This could be a possibility with the helmet that lies beneath her foot as well as the crown that sits upon her head. However, I believe the name should be reversed back to Venus. Venus is the goddess of love, which is AphroditeRead MoreGreek Mythology : A Belief Of Ancient Civilizations Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesGreek Mythology Have you ever wondered why the seasons change? Why there’s thunder? Where the stars come from? The Greeks created their own beliefs to answer their questions. Greek mythology is a belief of ancient civilizations. Greek mythology gives information on the Olympians, Heracles, origin of Greek mythology, and more. They made up stories called myths to explain why things were the way they are. They called these collections of Greek stories, Greek mythology. Greek mythology was the religion

Our Fear Of Immigrants By Jeremyere Adam Smith Analysis

Learned or Instinctive Trait In â€Å"Our fear of Immigrants† by Jeremy Adam smith, the author recalls a story about a young elementary student that got deported during Christmas break. Immigration has always been a controversial topic in this country. Many have different views on why deportation is beneficial and why it is not. In this instance Rodrigo Guzman’s classmates were saddened and confused about why their classmate and dear friend had gotten sent to another country for no apparent reason. It was something these students didn’t understand since it was a subject they knew nothing about, however, the students knew it was not fair to their friend. Smith wanted to dig deeper on what emotions immigrants bring up in people and why was it†¦show more content†¦So why is it that they are threatened by immigrants? Psychologist Susan Fiske explains why, â€Å"We care deeply about our in-groups, But the downside is that you’re then excluding people who are not in the in-group † (Fiske,752). According to psychologist Rodolfo Mendoza Delton not sympathizing with immigrants is a basic human trait. He states, â€Å"Fear of foreigners might well be the most intractable of all human prejudices because it is so tightly linked to survival and natural selection† (Mendoza-Delton, 752). This meaning that some don’t like immigrants coming to their territory because they are not willing to share their resources with others. As well as the fear of immigrants bringing diseases that their bodies are not used to. The fear of immigrants can be seen as an irrational fear for some, however some people are wired to feel this way because it is their basic human instinct. The reason why Smith questioned the credibility of Xenophobia was because of the way the classmates of Rodrigo reacted to him getting deported. Rodrigo’s classmates sent their friend a video, a valentine, and even had their parents help them write their congressmen as well as speak to the media in order to help get their friend back. Smith stated, â€Å"If xenophobia has such a deep evolutionary and psychological roots, what explains Ms. Wagner’s fourth-grade class, which rallied to support their friend Rodrigo after he was sent back to Mexico?† (Smith,754).

Employment and Unemployment Free Essays

The employment rate means the number of people that is presently employed divided by the population of working age. Unemployment is a situation where labour force participants are avaible, willing to work and actively looking for a job but are unable to find any jobs. Labor force is defined as the people above the age of 16 and older who are employed or are actively seeking employment. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment and Unemployment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unemployment rate can be calculated by dividing the number of unemployed with the labor force. Changes in unemployment depend mostly on inflows made up of non-employed people starting to look for jobs, of employed people who lose their jobs and look for new ones and of people who stop looking for employment. The cause of unemployment in Malaysia varies. There are four types of unemployments, which include cyclical unemployment, frictional unemployment, structural unemployment and seasonal unemployment. Cyclical unemnployment of Malaysia happens when there is lack of jobs due to the downswing in a business cycle or a recession. Due to this economy declines, the number of job layoffs crossways the world is rising extremely. The International Labor Organization affirmed that up to 51 million jobs worldwide could be eliminated due to the recession. Malaysia is no exception. Normally with an unemployment rate of 2% to 2. 5%, could rise to 4. 5% in that particular year. Since January 2009 about 10,000 Malaysians have been jobless. Another problem that causes the increasing of unemployment rate of Malaysia is that there are so many new job seekers each and every year. Research shows that every year there are 600,000 new job seekers in Malaysia. This is when the frictional unemployment happens which people are in between jobs, entering and reentering the labor force. For example when people quit their jobs for a better position or higher wages or when fresh graduates are actively seeking for jobs. Even though these people are not working, but they are counted as part of the labor force because they are searching for jobs. It is stated that structural unemployment is when jobs are available but the unemployed does not have the skills to fill these jobs. In Malaysia, the case is quite the opposite. There are many highly-qualified candidates, but they are too embarrassed to take on low-paying jobs, although a local spokesperson says that ‘job seekers should accept whatever job positions they can get’. That would decrease the number of people seeking jobs, which would decrease unemployment based on frictional and structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment takes place hen seasonal variations happens during the activities of particular industries caused by climatic changes, changes in fashions or by the intrinsic nature of such industries. In Malaysia, there are a lot of opportunities in the plantation sector. With the typical weather of Malaysia, people in the plantation sector are able to grow crops all year round. Nonetheless, seasonal unemployment still takes place. For example, the sug ar industry is seasonal in the sense that the crushing of sugar-cane is done only in a particular season. Such seasonal industries are bound to give rise to seasonal unemployment. How to cite Employment and Unemployment, Essay examples

The message of an inspector calls Essay Example For Students

The message of an inspector calls Essay The play An Inspector Calls by J. B. Priestley, is a text that explores many social and moral messages which all become more evident as the play progresses and the plot advances. The play was written in 1947, this was just after the Second World War, but it was set in 1912. 1912 is only two years before the outbreak of the First World War; it was also a time when there was a particular divide between the simple social classes of poor and rich. This is something that Priestley mainly disagreed with; he disliked the divide between people who are all of the same species, people who should all be looking out for each other because we are all one. Priestleys aim in most of his plays was to educate the audience through the characters. Priestley was known to put across his thoughts and views in his plays as theatre is something all can relate to, An Inspector Calls is one of those plays. In addition, all of the different messages are conveyed subtly in many different ways to make his views and ideas more effectual towards the audience more hard-hitting. The more obvious messages and perhaps the most important messages arent hidden in the play; they are in fact said and shown by the mysterious Inspector Goole. Inspector Goole is the key character that gets the most noticeable and significant message across to the audience as clearly as possible. The Inspector is perhaps the most effective dramatic device used in the play, his authoritative nature and his ability to say what he wants, how he wants gives him the attributes to do this. The central message of the play is perhaps the message that Priestley wanted to hit us hardest, as it refers to each person as an individual yet it also refers to all of us as one. The main point of An Inspector Calls is that everyone is responsible for everyone else, that every decision we make has a consequence that will affect someone else so we must think very carefully about everything we do. As this is perhaps the central message of the play, it is conveyed by Inspector Goole himself very noticeably as he spends the entire duration of his time visiting the Birlings trying to prove this. This could be the only message that Inspector has actually come to tell the Birling Family, all the other ones are messages that are discovered within the family themselves. This message is conveyed in many diverse ways. The first way is actually telling the family straight out. But remember this. Eva Smith has gone- but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with there lives all intertwined with our lives We are members of one body. The Inspector gives this speech once he has finished his investigation. After this hard-hitting speech is given, the Inspector leaves without any hesitation or showing any signs of weakness. The Inspector doesnt give the family the time to argue or try and justify themselves against this message. This speech is almost a monologue and is basically the climax of all the things he is trying to get across. This really emphasizes the idea that this moral message will not change with time and applies to all. The Birling family were written so that they cover all different types of people. They are in the middle class, also there are five people who represent society not in class but in type of person. Mr Birling, the old business man, Mrs. Birling, the housewife, Sheila, the young girly girl who is about to be married, Eric, the drunk, the young man with charm and Gerald, the rich businessman. These kind of characters can relate to all walks of life that would perhaps enter the theatre as theatre in those days was viewed by the people who had the time and the money, people like the Birling family. This makes this message effective because the audience can put themselves into whoevers life they feel fits in the play. It also makes the message more effective because it shows that the moral message cannot escape any kind of person. Another message is joint with this message. This is that no deed, good or bad, goes unpunished or unrewarded. This is perhaps the most important message; joint with everyone is responsible for each other. The main way Priestley delivers this message is from the plot of the play itself. The play shows that everything you do has a consequence that has to be paid by someone, in the case of the play, Eva Smith. Another way, Priestly conveys the same message above is by repeating his message in different ways. Very awkward here the Inspector is referring to Mr. Birling, Mr. Birling has just said that if everybody was responsible for everyone they had anything to do with that it would be awkward. Without Mr. Birling realising he has said the thing that the Inspector wanted him to say so by saying very awkward, it shows his sarcasm towards. This is effective because he has got Mr. Birling to identify the main moral message without Mr. Birling agreeing to it or believing it. He also refers to his central message Often if it was me I wouldnt know where to draw the line. Here he is once again highlighting his central as he is calling criminals and non-criminals one. He is saying there is no difference as they are all one. As well, as repetition the play as a performance could have portrayed this in an effectual way. The set-out of the play could have added to tension therefore making the play more effective and once again underlining the fact that no-one can escape for this cold, solid message. When the Inspector enters Mr. Birling leaves the table and sits by the fireplace. The fire is roaring from the start and as the Inspector enters the fire should dim bit by surrounding the fireplace should be three armchairs and a sofa should be positioned in a circle like position and the Inspectors chair should be facing the other three chairs in such away that no-one can escape anyone elses gaze, making it very effective. A further message that perhaps comes from An Inspector Calls is the simple message of taking the blame for what you have done and being repentant about it. This is expressed through the young ones of the play. Priestly uses the youth to convey quite an adult-like quality of responsibility as only Sheila and Eric take full responsibility for what theyve done. now I feel a lot worse Sheila is the only person when told who feels truly sorry. It seems as if shes very open with her emotions and being young means she has less of a barrier around her feelings. During the play Eric and Sheila seem to be allies with the Inspector. Eric continually uses the Inspector as an excuse to defy everything his father says. Why shouldnt they try for higher wages? We try for the highest possible prices. Oliver Twist and Therese Raquin EssayAdditionally Gerald is at the right hand of Mr. Birling, this symbolises him wanting to be the right hand of his business. Suggesting that Geralds in fact marrying into the family business instead of marrying Sheila. Wouldnt dream of it. In fact, I insist upon being one of the family now. Ive been trying long enough, havent I? Havent I? You know I have. Here would be a great place to show that he is in fact asking this question to prove not to Sheila but more to Mr. Birling. At this point you can imagine him looking at Mr. Birling as he is answering the question Sheila hasnt answered. All of the simple positioning of the characters symbolize many different things and portray the relationships between the characters in the play very well. This is effective because it forces the audience to read into it, you cant see the real cracks in their family unto you read into the positioning and performance thoroughly. Up to now, all of the messages mentioned before have been conveyed by the Birling family and the understanding of the audience but one extremely important way Priestley shows his messages effectively is through Inspector Goole. Inspector Goole is the most unexplained character in the whole play. He seems to be omnipresent and seems to be all knowing. He enters the Birling household knowing exactly what he needs to know. The Inspector seems to be there to show the Birlings about collective responsibility and consequences of their actions. As soon as the Inspector enters, there is an instant atmosphere. He is there to create an impression of massiveness, solidity and purposefulness showing his power. It shows his authority over the play. J. B. Priestly uses him as a voice of morality and conscience. Furthermore he is the route delivering moral to the audience and the family. We are members of one body are responsible for each other. This is Priestley delivering the central message using Inspector Goole. He stresses we are all human, no one isnt human except God therefore we are all equal. The Inspectors entrance is straight after Birling has made his speech about looking out for oneself. This contrasts with his message that the Inspector is trying to deliver, the message that we are all one body. The inspector portrays the third message spoken about by defying the so-called social importance of the Birling family. Mr. Birling and Mrs. Birling are used to being spoken with the highest of respect as they are upper-middle class, yet as the Inspector belittles them and they seem to let it go unspoken. This shows that the Inspector is some sort of superior being as he is beyond social class. He says it as it is and doesnt care about the class of that person or their gender. He doesnt seem to be accusing what the family has done, he is accusing the fact that the family dont learn after everything he says to them. Thats why he is a little more compassionate to Sheila and Eric, the youngest of the family, because they learn the errors of their ways. He seems to be from the future as he predicts the war Blood, anguish and fire and predicts Eva Smiths death as they are only told after he leaves that she is dead. The Inspector isnt a real Police Inspector, he seems to be there to judge and punish them on a moral level and make them change their behaviour but because they dont learn another Inspector turns up. He is waiting for the confessions of the family, he already knows the answers, he just wants to make sure that they understand the severity of what theyve done. All of the messages Priestley puts across in this play are all because of his views on society in those times. Priestley had very strong anti-capitalist views whilst writing this play. John Boynton Priestley was born in Bradford 1894. He joined the army on the outbreak of the First World War and this probably influenced him in An Inspector Calls, as war is a focal point. After being injured in the war he probably looked back and wondered why the war had to happen. As he was growing up he inherited socialism from his family and always remembered a happy childhood. The public-spirited socialism he inherited aided him in writing pieces with real meanings. He wrote mainly for the middle class audience, he always made an attempt to make sure that his work was accessible to the common people and was related to them. In the 1930s Priestley became more concerned with the social problems in Britain. The first book he reflected this in was The English Journey in 1934; this was an account of his journeys through Britain. Priestley even made a socialist Common Wealth Party in 1941, their three main principles were common ownership, vital democracy and morality in politics. They really liked the idea of public ownership of land. All of these things allowed him to write a play like An Inspector Calls, not only was J. B. Priestly an author, he was an extreme socialist and he put these messages across in An Inspector calls using a number of different methods. The methods he uses on the play as a whole is the actual timing. The play lasts as long as the time we watch it. This emphasizes the realism of it. It shows how the play really could be a snip of real life, like it isnt theatre but its real life. Priestley has also not included any intervals perhaps showing that this is real, and it is happening and there is really no escape from it. That one cant take a break from the morality of the play and that its definite. Overall, Priestley shows many moral messages in the play An Inspector calls, there isnt only one message. But it seems as if the message that he has made really obvious and that he expects everyone to go away with is everyone is responsible for each other. Priestley tries to put across his views in the play in many ways but one he wants everyone to get the message form the most is the Inspector. Only the Inspector portrays nearly every moral message and only the Inspector believes the message from the beginning of the play. Priestley is extremely talented and is truly the voice of the common people by looking out for them in his writing and out of it.

The Maya Civilization Essays - Maya Civilization, Maya Religion

The Maya Civilization February 5, 2001 The Maya Civilization The ancient Maya once occupied a vast geographic area in Central America. Their civilization inhabited an area that encompasses Mexicos Yucatan peninsula and parts of the states of Chiapas and Tabasco, as well as Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, and El Salvador. From the third to the ninth century, Maya civilization produced awe-inspiring temples and pyramids, highly accurate calendars, mathematics and hieroglyphics, and a complex social and political order (Collapse... 1). Urban centers were important to the Maya during the Classic period; they offered the Mayans a central place to practice religion. The Mayan culture can be traced back to 1500 BC, entering the Classic period about 300 AD and flourishing between 600 and 900 AD. The basis of the culture was farming. They cultivated food crops such as maize (corn), beans, squash, and chili peppers. They also cultivated cash crops such as cotton and cacao (Palfrey 1). Maize was the principal food of the Mayas and maize production was the central economic activity. The Mayas, forced to cultivate in a tropical rain forest, used slash and burn agriculture. The growth is so rapid in the rain forest that the nutrients provided by dead plants and animal feces get used very quickly. This causes the soil to be unfertile within a few years. The Mayans would then have to use new land. Because of this, the Mayans required huge amounts of land to feed their people. The population, throughout the Classic period, remained small. Slash and burn agriculture is also labor intensive. It required the people to spend an average of 190 days in agricultu ral work (Hooker 4). Despite the difficulty of this labor, the remainder of the year was used to build and maintain cities, develop art, and continue to enhance their literature. The cities, or urban centers, were built primarily as ceremonial centers. The priestly class lived in the cities, while the general population lived away in small farming villages. The priests would carry out daily religious duties, particularly sacrifices, and the peasants would gather periodically for religious ceremonies and festivals. They built the ceremonial centers in a specific design for religious practices. They constructed tall pyramid temples, warren-like single story palaces, and a ball court that was surrounded by a broad central plaza. The architectural features of the Mayan pyramids include towering roofs, corbel vaults, and elaborate embellishment with stucco reliefs (Palfrey 2). It is amazing to imagine the detail that the Mayans were able to create in their architecture with only primitive tools. For the Mayans, science and religion were linked. Time was extremely important and their agriculture and religious ceremonies required a system that could record time. That need for structure is probably the reason that the Mayans developed such an amazingly accurate calendar. They also developed a complex style of hieroglyphic writing that we have not fully deciphered. Through their knowledge of astronomy and mathematics they calculated the lunar cycle, predicted eclipses, and formulated a unique calendar system was very accurate. Their calendar was only one day off every 6000 years. That makes it more accurate than our calendar today (Hooker 6). Two fundamental ideas in mathematics that were discovered by the Mayans are the position value and the concept of zero. The Hindu was the only other antiquated culture to develop this and they did it 300 years after the Mayans. They are such a simple concept that is a distinct stroke of genius that these people discovered them (Dumois 1). Mayan numerals were written with only three symbols. A dot represents one, a line represents five, and a glyph of a seashell represents zero. Mayan religion was obsessed with time. Mayan religion was a part of the Mayans entire life. One important aspect of their religion is that it is based on accommodating humanity to the cycles of the universe. They believed that the universe functions in a logical, cyclical, and predicable way; human beings can exploit that cyclical nature by accommodating themselves to those cycles (Hooker 5). Religious ceremonies involved dancing, competition, dramatic performances, prayer, and sacrifice. The gods required nourishment from human beings in order to work. The bulk of sacrifice involved some form of human sacrifice. The majority of

Social Psychology essay

Social Psychology essay Social Psychology essay Social Psychology essayThe history of social psychology can be described as the history of social science that reflects multiple efforts to explain social conditions, social actions and the relationships between society and its members (Fenestra, 2013). The history of social psychology helps to better understand the nature of social world. In fact, social psychology plays an important role in helping individuals to have a better understand of the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of other individuals. It is necessary to understand not only social, but also political and material influences on the conceptions of individuals. The history of social psychology is closely connected with the political history because the discipline helps to explore human nature through the application of certain scientific methods. A number of key research developments have helped to define social psychology and differentiate it from other fields of study, including ethical, cultural, behavioral and other types of research developments.   The following theoretical constructs are inherent in social psychology principles include the â€Å"commonality corollary, the sociality corollary and the fragmentation corollary† (Rogers, 2013, p. 157). The role of ethics in behavioral research is crucial because any form of behavioral research requires not only observation, analysis of human behavior, but also it requires the analysis of by-products of human behavior, such as public opinions. Ethics in behavioral research influences the attitudes of personnel, the behavior of the participants, and other aspects that may have certain impact on society. Some of the ethical dilemmas that researchers face include the issues associated with specific national or cultural context, maintenance of the respect for privacy and confidentiality, etc. One of the examples of an ethical violation that occurred in a human research study includes the violation of moral principles in the form of racial ineq uality, which leads to racial discrimination and racism. The study well-known as the Tuskegee Syphilis study demonstrates the actual violation of moral norms in relation to African Americans. The methodology used by researchers was observational. Considerable changes could have been made to improve the ethical nature of the research, including the improved ethical standards and the proper control.

International Job Search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Job Search - Essay Example It is crucial to note that the firm provides feedback and responses to online applications. Coca-Cola embraces creative recruitment strategy that focuses on talent management. These methods have interactive sessions during interviews. Most importantly, the firm has recruiters that traverse the globe, in search of management and production experts. These recruiters are involved in processes that require self-selection (Griffin, 2007). This means that the recruiter carryout the selection and separation processes or stages of the recruitment exercise. Additionally, the firm has arranged group interactions that allow potential candidates to interact and express their feelings. These sessions focus on the evaluation of character, working knowledge and levels of interest. Job Classifications at Coca-Cola The job classifications at Coca-Cola are based on academic and professional qualifications and requirements for the job. These classifications include administrative assistant to the offic er, international customer relations, international company representatives and officer coordinators. The classifications are grouped into productions and human resources. These job classifications are spread out for the regional and international markets (Griffin, 2007, p. 145). The assumptions that can arise from these classifications include academic requirements, social requirements such as age, language and personal background such as place of origin, educational background, family status and criminal records. For instance, an individual may assume that the firm does not consider the criminal records of the job applicants. International Assignment The international assignment is crucial when determining optimal mix of home and host country employees. For instance, the job opening may be present in a distant location such as Malaysia, which leads to the requirement for a person with knowledge concerning this region. The firm will look for a host country employee because the pers on understands the culture and economics of the host country (Griffin, 2007). The Culture and Language Preparedness of the Employee These are also crucial because in case the employee is not prepared in terms of culture and language, then he is not fit for the job. It is crucial to acknowledge that language is a crucial factor because it determines communication. Culture is crucial because it influences communication and interactions (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2007, p. 416). The employee should be, culturally, and linguistically prepared for the job. This influences the mix because the firm must seek for an individual with the background of the host nation. The Length of the Assignment In this case, the firm can give the job to a home employee because this does not depend on cultural or linguistic aspects. Additionally, the firm can give this position to a host country employee, which will be logical in terms of stability, settlement and travel expenses. For instance, in case the j ob is located, in South America, it is logical to give the job to a South American (Ireland, Hoskisson & Hitt, 2007, p. 437). However, the firm can also give the job to an American. Giving the job to a South American facilitates operational stability because issues such as the discontinuation of work because of travel will not affect the operations. The Host and Home Country Recruitment and Selection Practices These are crucial for consideration because

Writing an Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Writing an Argument - Essay Example Obesity is not a simple disease resulted from one factor. But it is rather a chronic condition that develops as a result of genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. In addition, it is associated with heart disease, heart stroke, high blood pressure, and even cancer. Undoubtedly, obesity is sky high as two-thirds of the American population is obese. It is evident that children in this current generation has a shorter life expectancy due to high rates of obesity as opposed to children 2 decades ago, which is highly shocking. According to this article, â€Å"Obesity has become a huge phenomenon that is big of a hazard as smoking is adolescence.† Without a doubt, obesity is a prevalent problem that is detrimental to society and must be addressed for the health and the wealth of the future generations. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), obesity along with physical inactivity caused 400,000 U.S. deaths. In addition, obesity is linked with major health problems such as diabetes,  heart disease,  high blood pressure, arthritis, and  stroke. According to healthamericans.org, almost 60% of children in America are  obese and the rates continued to increase in an alarming rate in 23 states. With the current economic recession, obesity rates will continue to increase since nutritious foods will become more expensive. Clearly obesity has detrimental effects on individuals, and attempt to understand the root causes of obesity. Medical experts after intensive research have contributed four major factors that cause obesity. One of the main causes of obesity is due to lack of physical activity. Physical inactivity remains as a top cause for obesity than any other factors. A study conducted by medical experts proved that a lack of vigorous physical activity is the main contributor to obesity for adolescents. This has been a huge issue especially with the advent of technology. Young adults are more likely to stay home and indulg e in TV rather than engaging in physical activity. This concern has been prevalent in American society as obesity rates have staggered amongst teens. The key element is to ensure that adolescents get the necessary physical activity in order to prevent them from being obese. The second leading cause of obesity that plagues our society is poor nutrition. According to womenfitness.net, intake of excess calories and consumption of food that are high in fat, sugar, and sodium are proven to be linked to obesity. In addition, studies conducted by the National Institute of health, implementing a meal plan that is rich in lean protein, high in fiber and minerals, limiting sugars and fats can drastically lower the chance of obesity. Poor nutrition has been a huge factor that has prolonged this issue. Recently, many schools have rectified this issue by eliminating trans-fat or sugary snacks out of their cafeteria. This has somewhat rectified the issue and made students make healthier alternati ve choices. Another major issue trending in the realm of nutrition is junk food. It is evident that the young generation which is constantly being bombarded with â€Å"supersized meals.† If the younger generation understands the consequences of their nutritional habits, they are more like to modify their lifestyle that can benefit their health. In addition, the younger generation understands the importance of having a good sex appeal, which can push the youth to eat healthy, exercise and adapt a healthy lifestyle. For instance, the education system and the food industry clearly promote an unhealthy eating habits couple with no physical activity for children. It is evident that these factors are key elements towards the rise of obesity rates in society, which must be addressed as

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Essay Example Balducci, who brings the prisoners, claims that the accused had killed his cousin because of a family squabble over grain. However, it is surprising that there are high rates of insecurity in the region because Balducci has to return to El Ameur to watch over the territory. In as much as several concepts and themes are evident in the narration, the author highlights the theme of injustice, loneliness, and deficiency; consequently, it is necessary to analyze the story based on literary concepts. Analysis of the Guest by Albert Camus The title â€Å"guest† is suitable for the story based on varied reasons. Initially, several things that are happening in the story are alien to the inhabitants of the region. The meetings between people who are unknown to each other signify the need for tolerance. The Arab and Balducci are the guests in the story. According to Camus (2), the story and the characters become anxious because a guest is expected. Indeed, the guest is a character in the story that the author does not disclose directly to the audience. Omnipresent narration is used figuratively to describe the characters in the tale. The narration works well because the reader can understand the events that followed the period after the drought. According to Camus (7), people are dealing with different forms of insecurities. Consequently, the prisoner in the story should receive punishment for his wrongdoings. The Guest depicts a time when people were encountering several forms of challenges in their societies. This is clear because the region where the story is set experiences instability. The author states that the place had experienced war and its negative effects for a while. The characters in the story are instrumental in painting a picture of the real condition that the author describes (Camus 4). For example, Daru is indecisive because he questions the events surrounding his life as apparent in numerous instances. He is supposed to deliver the Arab to the au thorities in Tinguit; however, he is unwilling to do so. Daru talks about the bags of wheat that would be used by the families facing hunger (Camus 1). From the analysis of the story, farming plays a decisive role to livelihood of the characters in the plays. The author further states that learning is no longer taking place at the school compound. As witnessed in the story, the schoolmaster arrives at a deserted. He is annoyed with the prevailing conditions in his country as apparent in the conversation. The guest revolves around the theme of justice. There is a lot of anxiety among the characters in the scene (Camus 6). None of them is certain about his future following the drought and wars. The divergent themes in â€Å"the guest† are instrumental because they highlight the uncertainties in the contemporary European community. It is surprising to state that the Arab is also a guest yet he had committed a crime initially. Indeed, referring to a wrongdoer as a guest represent s sarcasm in the story. The theme of morality is also present in the play using different scene. For example, it is questionable when Daru chooses to sleep naked yet he is a grown up person (Camus 6). The behavior is expected only among children in the society. Symbolism is equally evident in most part of the story. It is evident that people were suffering because of their own mistakes after carefully looking at various instances of imagery (Camus 3). For example, the prisoner will suffer for having

The difference between management and leadership

The difference between management and leadership Management and leadership are critical elements in the ongoing success of any business. Yet, there has been, and continues to be, a long standing debate over whether good management or good leadership is more important and holds more value to a companys success. Each of these topics have been both written about, and discussed, heavily over the years and drawn countless opinions from both sides about each ones importance Some believe that management holds greater importance because of its reliability and stability, and tends to deal the daily results and performance while others believe that leadership is most critical because it is believed to deal with higher thinking and creativity relying on an individuals character traits, does not appear to be teachable, seems to be inherent in some people and not others, and is responsible for setting direction and laying out the pathway that a business will follow. In the opinion of this writer trying to set one above the other is a flawed approach and that those who hold these ideas have yet to come to the realization that management and leadership are two sides of the same coin. Without one the other is incomplete, and it is a balance of each of these in varying measures at varying times that will yield success. Both good management and good leadership represent very different traits within people and it is a combination of these traits that is necessary for both individual and company performance. This becomes more evident after carefully examining the arguments for both management and leadership, the different traits and characteristics that managerial and leadership ability possess, and how each contribute to positive outcomes. When these traits are put in the context of a crisis situation it becomes apparent how vital both are to the result. Management has long been considered by many organizations to be the most important aspect of an organization. This is why many organizations find that defined and structured management practices are more useful than leadership because it focuses on the structure of an organization, where as leadership is more focused on social interactions and innovation (the so-called big picture), whose outcomes many times are unknown, thus making them a little instable (Kearsley, 2005). For this reason many managers use innovation not to change how things are done, but to improve the ability of its people and its resources control to improve its efficiency (Elliott, 2002). This becomes useful in the day to day activities placing leadership as a secondary contributor. Still, in a changing society and marketplace where organizations are forced to constantly evolve effective leadership that can develop and communicate a vision becomes a necessity to not only compete, but excel both today and in the f uture. Managements focus has mainly been in administrative duties such as the what and when, where as leadership is more imaginative and emotional, which focuses on the why and how (Kearsley, 2005). The why and how the questions are the ones needed to find innovated new ways of doing things, which will assist them in developing and keeping a competitive advantage. A challenge because even though the outcomes of the innovations of leadership can at times be questionable they are essential to an organization especially when the work environment becomes unstable and innovation can assist an organization adapt. What accentuates the need for leadership even more than maintaining a competitive edge is the fact that it in todays society the hierarchical aspect of organizations have become more intricate and ones superior (manager) has become less defined (Rogers Tierney, 2004). As such, leadership becomes important in the completion of tasks especially with the heavy emphasis placed upon a groups successful performance within an organization today and a leaders ability to form a group into a cohesive unit. Before this hierarchical change there was a specific top down flow to an organization so that only those at the top needed leadership abilities because everyone else followed what they said, so management was more important to the organization. Now that we compete globally this dynamic has changed and control cannot be achieved without having a more flexible approach to management and leadership as a result of the expanding environment they have come to be in. In this way leadership has dev eloped into a more significant and critical aspect relative to that of management because leaders dont control; they influence (Rogers Tierney, 2004, p. 79). This goes beyond the scope of good management. Management is supposed to maintain a set structure within an organization through the use of control. If control has become less attainable, and stifles the flexibility of a company to effectively adapt and innovate then one now needs to be able to exact influence rather than control an organization and must adapt to continue to be a viable enterprise. This represents one reason as to the necessity for both management and leadership in cooperation to yield success. Management sets what must be done and leadership helps them accomplish that despite a lack of direct control. This effectively debunks the argument in favor of management over leadership. But, what about the arguments supporting the value of leadership and its role to the organization? Many hold the idea that leadership is more important to an organization. One argument in favor of this idea is that education. They believe that leadership is inherent and cant be taught. Leadership has been likened to that of a pathfinder. Being innovators they are searching for something never before done and as such they have nothing from which to learn from (Hodgson, 1987, p. 13). Innovation is creativity, you arent taught it you just know it. In a sense this is true, most scholars readily agree that leadership is based upon experience, but many fail to realize that experiences can be taught. When looked at in the form of learning a sport a person can study the rules of a sport and it will help their understanding of the game, but to be truly good at something it is necessary to go out and play (Doh, 2003). So, the key to teaching leadership is to put people in situations where they are forced to lead. But, a person must understand that teaching can only go so far and just becaus e you have been taught something doesnt mean you will be a master at it, nor does it mean that youll successfully administer leadership (Doh, 2003). When dealing with people a leader faces diverse challenges in personality and capability and their ability to be flexible and provide both the direction and opportunity for those under their influence to be successful and feel they are contributing is critical to the success of the endeavor. An example would be that many people have been taught how to play chess, but even though they know how to play doesnt mean they are going to masters (Doh, 2003). Another argument in favor of leadership is that it can be seen a form of social problem solving in that it is necessary in resolving conflict within to help direct it along the path that management has set down to reach an organizations goal making leadership and management necessary for an organization to achieve its goal (DeChurch et al.,2011, p. 153). But this is only half what defines the necessity of both aspect within an organization. It is also necessary to consider the views of time that each aspect takes. That management has its eye always on the bottom line, the leader has his eye on the horizon meaning management focuses on the present and leadership focuses on the future (Kearsley, 2005, p. 265). It is necessary for an organization to have both if it wants to be successful. This can be examined within the firefighter, firelighter debate within the Leadership Debate. This debate explains that management within a project takes the stance of a firefighter with regards to its problems, only facing them when they occur, where as leadership takes the firelighter approach in that they try to anticipate and prevent problems from occurring (Leadership, 2005). When looking at the two one could say the author believes the firelighter is the more desirable approach in by focusing on the future and preventing problems from occurring could increase efficiency and success, but this is only useful so far as problems can be predicted or anticipated, which in a fairly unpredictable world is generally difficult. As such it is necessary to also hold not only the leadership approach, but management approach as well because if a person fails in predicting a problem the management approach is able to account for this failure and more expediently correct the problem. A study done by the British Royal Navy in the effort to find management and leaderships effect on performance showed that leadership characteristics were more emotional in nature while managements were more im personal and focused on order and consistency to complex operations, but neither alone brought about top performers, but a blend of both were necessary for the success in an increasingly complex and volatile business environment (Young Dulewicz, 2008, p. 28). From this study it can be extrapolated that managerial and leadership approaches are counterpoints within a business. This becomes apparent when looking at organizations within a time of crisis. When examining an organization in a time of crisis one must focus on the managerial aspect, which are the operations and contingency plans, as well as the leading aspect which focuses more on people and emotion. In looking at leadership in a crisis it becomes twofold because many see a crisis as an opportunity to change; as such leadership must first stabilize the organization so they can adapt to the crisis (Heifetz, Grashow Linsky, 2009). This is contrary to the view held by management that a crisis is in fact an emergency and a company needs to make an effort to weather the burdens. In this way leadership becomes a necessity in a crisis due to its ability to cope with social pressures. In a time of crisis when an organization is forced to adapt there are many conflicting emotions within the workers. A leader has the capability to orchestrate the inevitable conflict, chaos, and confusion of change so that the disturbance is productive rather than destructive, which will enable the organization to work as a cohesive unit to further their goals (Heifetz, et al., 2009, p. 66). This is possible because those who possess leadership capabilities tend to possess emotional intelligence, which enables them to understand their own emotions and control them. As a result they can better empathize with others members of the organization (Young Dulewicz, 2008, p. 26). This helps gain loyalty and trust towards a leader, improving their ability to work towards a common goal. Despite the necessity for leadership during a crisis management is just as important as change being an adaptation of an organizations original practices rather than a complete overhaul of their practices (Heifetz, et al., 2009). A good example of this is when Best Buy changed its strategy to one established in store boutiques to better capture the female buyers interest rather than solely focusing on the male buyer in an effort to avoid a looming crisis (Heifetz, et al., 2009). They were effective beca use despite a drastic change the majority of the overall business scheme was left intact and the manager who put this ups the ability to effectively convince others that it was necessary and gains their support to follow through. However, not all change occurs in time to prevent a crisis. In such instances an organized plan, which is constantly monitored for flaws, is necessary to ensure transitional ease throughout this period of adaptation. This is the idea of a contingency plan; which can only be successful through the application of skilled management. Contingency plans are necessary during a crisis because that occasion is usually characterized by complexity and dynamism (Elliott, 2002, p. 146). This complexity makes it difficult to enact change unless an organization has made preparation in case of troubles to lessen the affect felt by the crisis and to support these changes throughout the crisis. This explains the necessity for a systematic approach for dealing with real crises so that the organization continues to function normally in most of its operations (Keefe Darling, 2005, p. 49). In order to achieve this goal it is necessary to have administrative skills, which can only exist within good management skills. Also due to necessity of a flexible nature of a contingency plan they must be constantly updated to account for a changing environment (Mitome, Speere Swift, 2001). This requires someone to constantly monitor the plan to ensure it is up to date and / or make effective changes and adaptations to the plan as required a nd communicate them to the organization without interfering in daily operational activities. As has already been stated leadership is useful for social interaction and decisiveness, through the use of innovation. As such it is lacking in the necessary qualities to set up and maintain a contingency plan. However contingency plans are not solely managerial functions. Two problems found within an organizations contingency plan require the additional support of leadership abilities in order to fix. The first was because the chaotic environment and unpredictability of a crisis made it very difficult to build a contingency plan that could cover every eventuality. Resulting in necessity to keep the plan flexible so that it is possible, no matter the situation, a plan could be adapted to suit whatever need (Mitome et al., 2001). This flexibility makes leadership necessary so that in the case of crisis the organization can be decisive in its adjustments, thus decreasing the time of adaptation. As has already been stated leaders are pathfinders (Hodgson, 1987, p. 13). So during a time of crisis when things are unknown it is up to a leader to see the solutions and managers to follow that solution they are give. This would hopefully enable an organization to return to normal business practices in a timely manner. The other problem is in how contingency plans are used during a time of crisis. It is common for organization to use small teams to find a solution for their problem because, generally, they outperform individuals (Elliott, 2002, p. 148). This makes it necessary to have a leader who can unify the team to a common goal and improve the coherence of team members to quicken the development of a solution. Without a leader to coalesce the efforts of management in a directed problem solving approach any answer might be delayed and result in a sub-optimal conclusion. It becomes quite apparent the necessity for both leadership and management are necessary within a crisis situation because they must develop next practices while excelling at todays best practices (Heifetz, et al., 2009, p.65). In other words management is important because it can help prepare for crisis helping to minimize the damage it causes and through the continuation of normal practices so that the organization still has the ability to develop next generation practices. The importance of management and leadership in a time of crisis can be seen by the failure in relief distribution in the aftermath of the Haiti Earthquake which resulted because of the lack of a contingency plan that took into account the conflicts that could arise between various authorities and agencies and determine ways to prevent them. This still might have been prevented, but if not for the lack of leadership within the organization which failed to come to an agreement (Piotrowski, 2010). This shows that b oth a strong contingency plan and leadership abilities is needed because if the contingency plan is strong everything is planned and little can go wrong, but in the case that it fails leadership can minimize the damage. It has become clear of the necessity for both management and leadership. The comparison between a leader being a pathfinder and management being a path follower is in part true (Hodgson, 1987). But managements do not merely follow a path they reinforce it and improve its foundation enabling leadership to continue to grow. Their relationship is similar to that of a building. Leadership goes up, while management builds within. If a company was devoid of effective leadership it may not be able to maintain a competitive position within the market place through the effective identification and development of plans, strategies, tactics and business acumen to target positive results. And, without effective management a leaders vision, ideas, and direction may not be sustainable which might limit a businesses long term competitive position and success. The reason being that leadership is within focus of people while management is the focus administrative duties. An organization needs both le adership and management to be effective just like Yin and Yang to provide balance to the ongoing performance within an organization. While leadership provides vision, resources, and communication management provides execution identifies challenges and opportunities and communicates both throughout the company, and back-up to the leaders who can in fact adapt plans and direction continuously for success.

Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance Essay -- Athletics Sports Neuro

Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance What is Mental Imagery? Mental imagery, also called visualization and mental rehearsal, is defined as experience that resembles perceptual experience, but which occurs in the absence of the appropriate stimuli for the relevant perception (plato.stanford.edu/entries/mental-imagery/). Whenever we imagine ourselves performing an action in the absence of physical practice, we are said to be using imagery. While most discussions of imagery focus on the visual mode, there exists other modes of experience such as auditory and kinesthetic that are just as important. However, for the purposes of this paper, only visual imagery will be discussed for it is the most relevant mode concerning athletic performance. Claims Although sports psychology is becoming more prevalent in today’s society, there is a surprising lack of web sites that endorse and offer visual imagery skills for sports. The few advertisements that I found endorse tapes which claim to rapidly improve your athletic skill, concentration, and endurance. Visual imagery advocates purport that this technique increases energy and avoids injuries as well. Not only will visualization improve athletic performance but the ads also claim that it will enhance motivation and overall enjoyment of the sport (www.health-o-rama.org/superlearning/spec-s.htm). Peak Performance Sports looks to sell tapes that has the "latest methods in sports psychology", one of them being mental imagery, which will elevate your game to a new level. The tapes will increase confidence, focus and self-composure which will in turn, improve your athletic performance. These tapes can work for any type of athlete, whether they are profes... ...xercise Psychology, 17(1), 54-69. Murphy, S. (1990). Models of Imagery in Sport Psychology: A Review. Journal of Mental Imagery, 14 (3&4), 153-172. Orlick, T., Zitzelsberger, L., LI-Wei, Z., & Qi-wei, M. (1992). The Effect of Mental-Imagery Training on Performance Enhancement With 7-10-Year-Old Children. The Sports Psychologist, 6, 230-241. Pavio, A. (1985). Cognitive and Motivational Functions of Imagery in Human Performance. Journal of Applied Sports Science, 10, 22-28. Porter, K., Foster, J. Visual Athletics. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm. C. Publishers, 1990. Roure, R., et al. (1998). Autonomic Nervous System Responses Correlate with Mental Rehearsal in Volleyball Training. Journal of Applied Physiology, 78(2), 99-108. Suinn, R. Psychological Techniques for Individual Performance. New York, New York: Macmillan, 1990. p 492-506.